Strengthening part of the column. Moonshine apparatus or distillation column - what is better to purchase

The device of the distillation column is quite complex, and it is unlikely to simulate it at home. But on specialized Internet sites, it is possible to buy a workflow for quite an acceptable price, which will require only a minor re-equipment of your moonshine.

Re-equipment will concern only the evaporator tank - it is necessary to install the flange of a suitable diameter so that you can fix the column strictly vertically. If there was no thermometer on the tank, then you will have to install it. Without measurement of temperature on the evaporator, the column is extremely difficult to control the work of the column, and in principle, and it is impossible at all.

How the column works

The column is a heat and mass transferr in which complex physico-chemical processes occur. They are based on the difference of boiling temperatures of various liquids and a hidden heat capacity of phase transitions. It sounds very mysterious, but in practice it looks somewhat simpler.

The theory is very simple - steam containing alcohol and various impurities that boil at different temperatures that differ in several degrees rises up and condenses in the upper part of the column. The resulting fluid flows down, and meet along the way a new portion of hot steam. Those fluids, the boiling point of which is higher, repeatedly evaporate. And those who have not had enough thermal energy remain in liquid state.

The distillation column constantly resides in a state of dynamic equilibrium of steam and liquid, in many cases it is difficult to divide the liquid and gaseous phase - all boils and boils. But in terms of density, depending on the height, all substances are separated very clearly - up the light, then heavier and at the very bottom - the fusion oils, the remaining impurities with a high boiling point, water. The separation of fractions is carried out very quickly, and such a state is supported almost indefinitely, while compliance with the temperature regime in the column.

At an altitude corresponding to the maximum content of alcohol vapors, a fenced nozzle is established, through which pairs stands out and enters the condenser (refrigerator), where the alcohol flows into the national container. The distillation column for the moonshine is working very slowly - the selection is usually carried out drip, but it provides a high level of purification.

The column operates at atmospheric pressure, or slightly above it. To do this, at the top point is installed atmospheric valve or simply an open tube - the pairs did not have time to condensate the column. As a rule, alcohol is practically no alcohol.

The states of the poker components at different heights of the column

The graph shows the fixed states of the chicketer components at different heights of the columns that can be monitored by the temperature at this point. The horizontal part of the graph corresponds to the maximum concentration of the substance. The separation does not have clear boundaries - the vertical line corresponds to the mixture of the lower and upper fractions. As can be seen, the volume of border zones is much less fractional, which gives a certain reference of the temperature regime.

The device of the distillation column

The base for the column serves a vertical pipe from stainless steel or copper. Other metals, especially aluminum, are not suitable for this purpose. The pipe is insulated from outside the low thermal conductivity material - energy leakage can disrupt the established balance and reduce the effectiveness of heat exchange processes.

In the top of the column is mounted a pre-refrigerator of the reflux. As a rule, it is a built-in or outer coil, cooling approximately 1 / 8-1 / 10 part of the height column. Find on the Internet you can and distillation columns with a water jacket or complex ball refrigerators. In addition to the price, they no longer affect anything. A classic snake perfectly copes with his tasks.

Column "Baby"

The ratio of the amount of selected condensate to the total number of phlegm returned to the tank is called a phlegm. This is a characteristic of a separate column model and describes its working capabilities.

The smaller the phlegm number, the column more productive. With f \u003d 1, the column works as a conventional moonshine apparatus.

Industrial installations have a high separation fractional ability, therefore their number is 1.1-1.4. For the household moonshine column optimal is f \u003d 3-5.

Types of columns

The distillation column for the moonshine to increase the points of contact of steam and fluid, where heat exchanged and diffusion processes occur, is supplied with fillers, significantly increasing contact area. By type of inner design, the columns are divided into plate and nozzles. Classification in performance or height does not show real capabilities.

To increase the contact area inside the column is placed on a spiral of a stainless steel mesh, bulk small balls, rings of rashiga, fine spirals from wire. They firmly fit or fall ashamed to the height of the length of the column, without reaching the point of the alcohol fence.

The thermometer should be in the area free from nozzles, and show the real temperature of the medium. The thermometer is selected electronic, as having the smallest inertness. In some models, the columns play the tenths of degrees. To obtain pure alcohol in the selection zone, the temperature should be maintained within 72.5-77 C.

A plate distillation column is much more complicated in the manufacture - the design of caps or synthetic plates, which are horizontal partitions inside, through which the liquid flows with some delay. At each of the plates, the bubbling zone is created, which increases the degree of extracting alcohol vapor from phlegm. Sometimes distillation columns are called strengthening - they achieved almost one hundred percent output of alcohol at a minimum of extraneous additives.

The column works at atmospheric pressure, to communicate with the external medium of the column, is equipped with a special valve or an open tube at the top of the structure. This fact defines one of the features of the distillation column for the moonshine - with different atmospheric pressure it works in different ways. Temperature mode changes within a few degrees (the difference in the thermometer of the tank and columns). The ratio is installed experimentally. For this reason, with a column TEN.

Having bought a working distillation column, or by building it with your own hands, you can get high cleaning alcohol without special difficulties. A column is particularly effective in distilling a mogon obtained from a conventional distiller.

More and more models of moonshine devices on modern market Positioned as distillation columns. Someone from consumers boldly goes for technologies, and someone invariably remains faithful to the old good "classic." However, we recommend choosing the brand apparatus) today you can have a number of manufacturers. Are they so effective as they say about them, and what is the purpose of the distillation column in the household distiller? About this below and talk.

What do you need a distillation column

To obtain pure alcohol using a conventional classical distiller, theoretically requires from eight to ten distillation cycles. Each distillation at the output gives a gradual increase in the fortress. In fact, alcohol-containing fluids with ethanol concentration over 30% of the volume to distill in conventional conditions Insecable and very energy consuming. Not in vain, after all, cook at home, for example, absinthe, knowledgeable craftsmen do not recommend. - Please, but to distilling them after insistenceing at an undiluted form are unsafe.

In the distillation column on special contact elements located inside, all these 8-10 distillations pass throughout the height of the column simultaneously. Here there is repeated condensation and evaporation of substances, due to which the alcohol pairs are cleaned and strengthened, and unnecessary impurities of phlegm flow back into distillation. In other words, the distillation column is the element of the moonshine, in which the process of distillation, cleaning and strengthening occurs.

At the same time in your power to get the drink that you need. It is enough to properly adjust the temperature of the distillation, and regardless of it is possible to obtain both pure alcohol and distillate, which preserves the flavored properties of the feedstock. Any distillation column requires attentive preparation and some skills to work with it. To help start-up visinuses in one can deduct small technological nuances, explored by experimentally.

Thus, it becomes clear why the distillation column is needed in the moonshine. Only with its help it is possible to obtain pure alcohol-rectified. Neither the classic apparatus with a drill, nor remand (film) column will not give you alcohol with a fortress of 96 degrees (the maximum possible fortress under normal conditions). And in more detail about what processes occur in the distillation column, you can read in.

We will devote this article to getting at home clean alcohol from Braga. What is possible if you have only a distillation column, created in all rules in industrial conditions.

Consider a plurality of nuances that will use homemade veins, we will tell about how to work with this equipment and what manufacturers are silent, offering us their columns.

Moonshine originated before our era. Initially, it was connected exclusively with distillation.

Reference. Distillation is called any process associated with the evaporation of the fluid, the purpose of which is to divide into components. For example, aromamasla from antiquity is obtained by distillation.

The first distillation devices were created by alchemists-perfumes. History attributes to the creation copper Alabikov and alkitar Persians. But long before them (in Egyptian pyramids) found devices that are clearly intended for distillation.

In the XVI century a lot of work and "RCCresentations" appear on improving laptop devices. The first prototypes of continuous columns appear. To ensure continuous operation, experimented with sand, wax, water baths. But the columns themselves are still with air cooling. And only by the end of the century it was revealed that water cooling is much more efficient.

Throughout the century, there was a further improvement of distillation apparatus and the theory of distillation was ripened by the beginning of the XVIII century - re-returning the evaporated liquid into the cube and stirring for cleaning and strengthening.

The result was manifested by 1813, when the French inventors Berar, Adam and Perni received a patent for a distinction column of continuous operation. What is interesting, a constructive industrial rectifier has not changed for more than two centuries. And today, alcohol is obtained using such devices. Is that electronics added.

About getting pure alcohol at home, the dumbies dreams of a long time ago. And carried out in this direction not one experiment. It turned out that simply take an industrial distillation column operating with tons of raw materials and it is impossible to reduce it to small sizes.

Neither the productivity nor the quality of the product will give it. The path to modern domestic rectifiers ended with the creation of a distillation column for home useWith which it is possible to get a practically pure fortress of 96 °.

The concept of rectification

The rectification in chemistry is called a process in which the heat exchange of liquids consisting of two or more substances into separate components occurs due to heat. It takes separation due to the various masses and boiling point in repeated evaporation and return to the container.

In industry, the rectification is used to distil the oil (separation of it on gasoline, diesel fuel, kerosene), obtaining clean air components (oxygen, nitrogen, etc.). And what is most interested in us, alcohol.

How is the process?

Alcohol pairs, breaking away from the surface of the heated alcohol-containing fluid, rushed along the column up. Already on the way to the primary refrigerator-deflectman, they are partially cooled and heavy impurities, and with them and water are returned back to the distillation cube.

Lighter fractions are followed above, to a refrigerator-deflector, equipped with plate elements, on which the contamination of phlegm with evaporated substances and the final separation of liquids occurs.

For the formation of alcohol without impurities and ensure safety at the top of the pressure column, both in the atmosphere, so the rectifer is necessarily equipped with a special tube so that there is no pressure drop.

Important. If pressure decreases, steam density decreases with an increase in evaporation rate. The column is choking. And there is an explosion.

If the pressure is too increasing, the separation of the mixture is stopped on the fraction and the rate of evaporation falls.

Difference from distillation

The household RK cannot be considered a full-fledged substitute replacement. It is rather a higher-quality unit for re-distillation, which allows to recycle primary alcohol-raw routing on a direct-flow distiller into a full, devoid of Syulyuhi, but also a specific odor and taste inherent in so-called fragrant moonshines.

And a little - about the concepts:

• At home we get under-anoint - Alcohol fortress up to 96 °. But it is not necessary to scare this definition. This means only the fact that real rectial has a fortress of 96.67 °. And the degree of cleaning and the inexplicity significantly exceeds distillate.
• Fractional distillation (distillation) provides for separation of condensate for fractionsAccording to the boiling point. The first components are lightweight, low-boiling. The modogonist dictionary is defined as heads. The second is the body, they have boiling point close to ethyl alcohol - 78.4 ° C. The body is the most voluminous, drinking part. The tail, the latest fractions enriched with high-boiling substances (sigh oil). When working with the distillation column, the fraction is also carried out, but on another principle.
• Reflux and her number. From a good irrigation of condensate by phlegm, irrigation entering the plates (nozzles) condensate depends on the quality of alcohol selection and the return of unnecessary impurities in the cube. Flegm should be 10-20 times more than condensate so that the separation of components is effective.

Pros and cons of the method

With correctly conducted rectification (and this is a set of parameters that you need to know theoretically and apply in practice, adjusting to your needs) you get at home:

• alcohol-rectifies suitable for use inside, clean, fortress 96 °;
• considering that for you we apply a raw alcohol, obtained from sugar or vegetable raw materials, you have alcohol at the exit, often exceeding the qualitative indicators the one is manufactured by the industry;
• the resulting alcohol is a beautiful Alcohosovan for various, liqueurs.
• in most modern household RK, not only distillation, but also distillations is provided. Therefore, at the first time, use a distiller when the rectifier is second.

Disadvantages:

• alcohol-Refilitis produced at home is deprived of the smell of the feedstock;
• as well as produced on the spirits, it has a dry taste and requires softening and improvement. taste quality. That, in fact, is invariably done in the manufacture of vodka;
• the low speed of the distillation, which lengthens the processes and requires more energy consumption for heating and water - for cooling;
• it is difficult to determine correctly when it is time to select tails. This requires practice.

What is a distillation column?

An indispensable device for those who seek to drink their own and treat guests alcohol homemade manufacturenot containing harmful impurities.

In appearance - a high pipe installed vertically over a distillation cube, turning into a deflegemator with a flow refrigerator.

The device for selecting alcohol is approximately at a height of 2/3 of the column. It often has its own cooler.

Properties

The distillation column is characterized by special, characterized from the usual moonshine capabilities. It is created to strengthen and simultaneously clean from impurities Alcohol-containing liquid (or raw alcohol). The higher the pipe-column, the more severe impurities it can return back to the column and prevent them from entering the final product.

The design of the Republic of Kazakhstan and its properties make the resulting alcohol at home with a fortress of 96 ° reality. And this is a reality available to everyone who will follow the recommendations on the use given in the instructions for the column.

Principle of operation

1. In the distillation cube, fill the alcohol-containing liquid. The optimal is the fortress of about 40 °, that is, it works more efficiently if it is pouring the raw alcohol. But often, the veins are used and braga.

Attention. The best effect can be achieved in the fortress and purity, if the distillation column overtakes BRAW twice. The second time it will be a raw alcohol.

1. Check the tightness of the connections, connect the feed / removal of cold water.
2. Turn on the heating.
3. Depending on the power of heating the phase of "work on itself" - when the pairs come out of the cube and return back to it, it lasts half an hour. The process of flowing phlegm and countering the vapors seek to achieve equilibrium.
4. After stabilization of the temperature (for 10 minutes), the top of the column is collected heads containing volatile compounds, including extremely poisonous methylene and aldehydes. Heads at a temperature of about 70 ° C are flying through the tube, a binding column with an atmosphere.

Important. Substances in the process of rectification are clearly separated and are not mixed between themselves, but are separated even with a slight (tenth degree) differences in the boiling point. Therefore, in the body of the drift, other components except ethyl alcohol, do not fall.

1. Fractions with high boiling point accumulate at the bottom of the column. Gradually, as ethylene evaporates, climbs up. And gradually begin to enter the refrigerator, and then in the receiving capacity. They are determined by temperature or by smell and collected separately.

Experienced vinones advise to select tails into separate 100 ml tanks., If you need to return the characteristic organoleptic alcohol. Add to small quantity, and to achieve the desired flavor and lifting "transfer" the proportions for the whole mass.

Views

The main types of columns of the distillation type are two:

1. Tarls. It is with the help of such structures receive alcohol in industrial conditions. There are home options. The advantage of this species is a subtle separation on the fraction, as a result of which the home rectifies are completely devoid of Syulyuhi. The disadvantage is the bulky structures.
2. Nazadovy. Conditionally they are divided into:

• irregular. Disordered (embankment) filled with inert material (SPN), which are most often manufactured at home or ready-made metal scraperwear. The columns with them are easier by weight, provide greater contact of vapors with phlegm. But due to the high resistance, difficulties arise in the separation of vapors with phlegm;
• regular. Here by the nozzles serve twisted RPN Panchenkov, sheets with special perforation. Do not create overpressure, facilitated separation of substances.

What is different from the moonshine apparatuses?

For clarity, we made a special table from which it is clear how different is two methods that are used in order to obtain a strong alcohol under the cuisine.

Indicators	Rectification	Distillation
Alcohol obtained	Alcohol-Rectitis 96 °	Moonshine, fragrant distillate (grain, fruit, etc.)
Height of the device assembly	From 85 cm to 1.5 meters	As a rule - up to 80-85 cm
The speed of distillation	From 650 ml on morally obsolete household columns up to 2 liters per hour - on modern	From 1 l / h if the device is low productive, up to 7-10 l / h at high quality factory manufacturers
Heating Cuba	On various plates, including induction (see characteristics, may differ). For the columns, it is more often used to apply a separate slab, since it is not placed under the drawing of the standard kitchen. Options are possible: TEN, steam generator, water boiler (cube in Cuba).	All listed options. The advantage of the distillator is a small height. You can always choose the device that will fit under the hood over the stationary stove.
Design features	Complex, consists of several modules. Requires a separate water connection to a deflectman. Completed with disfluencers of a plate type and nozzles for the selection of phlegm.	Easy. The direct-flow distiller is equipped with only a cube and refrigerator. As additional canopies are used by healers and bubblers.
Safety	Careful temperature tracking is required on both thermometers (in Cuba and in the deflements), pressure and other parameters, otherwise an explosion is possible.	It is impossible to leave unattended, but not so exposed to risks as a rectifier.
Recycled liquid	To ensure high-quality work of the rectifier, the liquid must be clean from impurities, with a fortress from 35 to 45 °. It is better to disturb not a braga, but a raw alcohol - at the distiller. Although it is not forbidden to work with Braga. The main thing is that it is liquid and filtered.	Braga Fortress is not higher than 20 °. When distillation in a cube with a steam generator (water jacket) can be thick.
Clean product	With proper distillation - almost without impurities.	The high content of the seawous oils is even with double drill. When distillation, it is impossible to select alcohol without impurities.
Number of extracted alcohol	Up to 100%. Not more than 1-2% is lost	Up to 80%

How to choose?

Today's offers in specialized, as well as online stores allow you to choose exactly the device that is suitable for your needs.

Here are some tips that help you:

• Security - in the first place. Therefore, it is seriously attributed to the material as a distillation cube and columns. It should be an inert, non-reaction with the components of braga or raw alcohol. The best choice is stainless steel, as well as copper.
• Collapse of the design. There are excellent completely collapsible transformers that can be used as distillers.
• Heating system. When working with a distillation column, a quick change of heating is necessary, so the best solution is a TEN with electronics. The worst is a gas stove.
• Performance. Average - 1 l / h when heated 1 kW. From her and push out.

Design

The device - the distillation column necessarily has in part:

• live cube. 12 liters container, although the most popular - from 20 l.;
• tsarga - column (pipe with a diameter of 40-50 mm), up to 1.8 m high. It is the basis of the design;
• panchenkov's regular nozzles for the Tsargov (often - in conjunction with SPN springs) are served. In everyday life and grids for washing dishes are used;
• selection node located in the middle of the column. It is here that the "body" accumulates - the pure alcohol fraction of the 96-degree fortress;
• the deflegmator is a module with a separate refrigerator, in which the pairs are condensed, cooled. It uses a high-quality division of vapors into individual substances;
• automation. Among the familiar is the thermostat of the Tan, electronic thermometers, without which it is not necessary, temperature alarms, and the like. There are fully automated columns, but this equipment is very expensive;
• flowing refrigerator - for final cooling of alcohol vapors and turn it into a liquid phase;
• the Tsarga pasteurization is a new additional device that relatively recently appeared on the market of distillery equipment. Mounted above the Tsargi, before the deflegemaker. Allows you to receive a product that is comparable in quality with double rectification.

For example - distillation column Good warm Lighthouse

Small rating of devices with RK

In the first place Schnapser X2- Universal system. Collapsible, on climbing connections. German quality and warranty 10 years. Recommended work on induction plates. Cubes by 12 - 50 liters. Cost 10990 - 16990 rubles. For full-fledged rectification, you need to buy a king height 45 cm for 1590 p.

2 place behind the device "Good heat" "Lighthouse" With cubes from 20 to 60 liters. Height - 178 cm. Cost: 19600 -28000 rubles. Collapsible design. It is possible to operate in the Potter mode to transform the braga into a raw alcohol with subsequent rectification.

Recently, quite a lot of people do not trust the quality of alcohol offered by shops, and the cost of such products is high. Therefore, it is often in the kitchens next to various household appliances you can see the moonshine apparatus. After all, homemade alcohol-containing drinks are environmentally friendly and healthy in reasonable quantities are less harmful. However, before all the veinuses there is a problem: cleaning alcohol from harmful impurities and unpleasant odor. Experienced and economical owners, a distillation column is used for this. Well, and beginners to keep up with more advanced vinokurov, you need to know what is a distillation column in the moonshine.

The distillation column allows you to produce alcohol-containing drinks, such as vodka, whiskey, high cleaning and high fortifications (up to 97%). The device of the usual distillation column assesses:

1. Evaporative cube.
2. Column with a special nozzle, in which the processes of heat and mass exchange (Tsarga) are coming.
3. Deflegmator.
4. Distillate collection assembly.

Evaporative cubic

The evaporative cube is a container in which Braga is heated. In the process, it evaporates, and the couple rises in the column. At the top of the rectifier, the liquid is divided into separate fractions.

The evaporative cube is heated on any form of plates. And some of its models suggest the presence of a heating device. Purchased cube is necessarily equipped with a thermometer that allows you to control the heating of the Braga. The evaporative cube is absolutely sealed. During boiling, it is important that the liquid and steam remain inside. Cube cannot be filled with Braga more than 2/3 of its volume, otherwise the fluid will splash out of the container.

Tsarga

The following processes occur in this part of the distillation column:

1. Braga, located in Cuba, evaporates under the action and rises along the column. There is a refrigerator.
2. The deflements ensures condensation of alcohol vapors and obtaining distillate.
3. The distillate is lowered along the alcohol column. At this point, it is collided with ferry - heat and mass transfer.
4. As a result of this process, the evaporated part of the fraction goes up the column. Here it is condensed, and then goes to the selection channel.

You should not forget that if you increase the height of the column, then the heat and mass bond is more active. This leads to the fact that the output is more recticed alcohol.

Distillation nozzle

The distillation nozzle has two parts:

1. Alcohol selection knot. In the industrial distillation column, this item is equipped with an observed glass that allows you to determine the speed of the selection of alcohol.
2. Deflegmator. Sometimes this part is called a refrigerator. The deflegemator is located at the top of the distillation column. It is needed to collect moonshine vapors and turning them into phlegm, which is released down. Here is its enrichment of alcohol couples. After phlegm falls into the selection knot, the evaporated part goes out.

The distillation column is simply arranged, so the principle of its work is amenable to an easy explanation. This mechanism performs the function of the filter in which the seed oil is settled. It occurs in the constant interaction of alcohol vapors and liquids, in other words, rectification. After the braga warms up to 70 degrees in the evaporative cube, the alcohol begins to evaporate. It rises through the pipe and turns out to be a reflux. In this part, repeated condensation occurs in the ferry during water cooling. Condensate (phlegm) flows and occurs again with hot steam. There is an exchange between the two components - the process of saturation of phlegm by steam, and a pair of liquid, which has a low boiling point.

The final condensation of the steam goes in the refrigerator. The output is the purified alcohol, which flows into the reception capacity. At the top of the distillation column is an atmospheric valve. It is necessary in order for pairs that do not have alcohol and not subject to condensation in its composition, left the mechanism.

Continuous rectification goes at the expense of special contact elements - physical plates in the purchased distillation columns and metal sponges or glass balls in samples made with their own hands. These parts are needed to increase the efficiency of the interaction of steam and phlegm.

Types of columns

There are the following types of distillation columns:

1. Tarbed type. Such aggregates have inside the plates, which are set at a certain distance. They are carried out by heat and mass exchange. The distillation columns of this type are expensive and quite cumbersome. But they have the main advantage - the factions are separated for sure.
2. Sound type. The mechanism has a copper nozzle of two types. The first is the filling column of the scattering of small stainless steel elements. Uneven placement of them makes it difficult to pass the passage of the vapor and the outflow of phlegm. The second type is the nozzle of Panchenkova, which makes effective heat and mass exchange.

Is it possible to make a full-fledged distillation column with your own hands?

There are convenient and high-quality moonshine devices with a distillation column. But their cost is high. Therefore, men who can work with metals can independently make an aggregate. For the creation of the column, materials that do not enter into chemical reactions with alcohol and not distinguishing various elements from the time harmful to human health are used. To create an aggregate will be required:

1. The capacity of the desired volume as a distillation cube. It can be any copper or enameled vessel. Suitable stainless steel. If there is a small output of alcohol, then the pressure cooker is used.
2. The body of the column in the form of a king or pipe. On the shelves of shops you can quickly find the ready-made 15-centimeter kingu. Acquire a few pieces and connect them. And you can easily make this part of the stainless pipe with a diameter of 0.5 centimeters and the wall thickness of 1.5-2 millimeters. On both sides make threads: the bottom join Cuba, and the top is to the deflectman. The kard must be at least one meter in height, otherwise the harmful fractions will not be removed, and the seawous oils will be in distillate. The result is a low quality product. If you do a pipe longer than 1.5 meters, then the time for rectification will increase, and the effectiveness will remain the same.
3. Deflegmator for cooling and steam condensation. It can be shirtless or direct-flow. Made of two pipes, between which the water is moving. The deflegemator of the dimroid is considered more efficient. The case becomes a pipe, inside which is a thin tube in the form of a spiral. In it and circulates cold water. Cover-tube reflux - from several pipes. In the biggest attaching small ones. In them, steam condenses.
4. Nozzles for the Tsargi. They increase the surfaces for which phlegm flows. So, harmful impurities are deposited and not fall into home alcohol. Nozzles in the form of ceramic balls or sliced \u200b\u200bkitchen rods from stainless steel must fully fill in the king. Use the nozzle Panchenkova. It is the best option.
5. Node for selecting distillate.
6. Refrigerator. This item is made in the same way as a shirtless deflector. But the tubes are taken with a smaller diameter. In the refrigerator there are passages for water. In the bottom hole, it enters, from the upper liquid is sent through the tubes to the deflegmator.
7. Small details to connect parts.
8. Thermometer.

The rectification method has both supporters and opponents. It boasts the following positive parties:

1. At the exit, a strong high quality alcohol is obtained, which does not contain impurities harmful to human health. It will become an excellent basis for any alcoholic beverage.
2. You can prepare a moonshine with the necessary organoleptic.
3. The device is quite simple to construct yourself.

Vinokura celebrate Disadvantages:

1. The entire rectification process lasts long. An hour is only one liter of distillate.
2. Production constructions are expensive.

However, given the undoubted benefits of the column, it is still worth buying. And then there will be no complaints to the quality of moonshine.

Rectification - This is the method of separating the components of the mixture based on the properties of the components of this mixture to pour at different temperatures.

The rectification is a process of separating binary, multicomponent or continuous mixtures into practically pure components or mixtures thereof (fractions), characterized by boiling temperatures (for binary and multicomponent mixtures) or bulk intervals (for continuous mixtures).

Analysis and petroleum products on the content of individual hydrocarbons and their classes shows that oil and its fractions are a complex multicomponent mixture. The amount of components in oil exceeds 2000. Due to the large number of components, oil is considered to be continuous mixture and express its composition of the curve of the true boiling temperatures (ITC) having a smooth, continuous character.

Therefore, the process of rectification is mass transfer proceeding in both directions between the 2 phases of the mixture, one of which is liquid, and the other pairs. In other words, this is a repeated contact interaction of nonequilibrium phases in the form of liquid oil, as well as steam.

The process of rectification is carried out as a result of contacting the flow of steam and fluid. In this case, an indispensable condition is the movement of steam and fluid towards each other in height (length) of the distillation apparatus. The driving force of heat and mass transfer between the steam and the liquid in the device is the temperature difference in height (length) of the device.

Types of distillation plates

The distillation column is one of the central devices of the technological installation on the primary processing of oil or petroleum products. The use of this apparatus is caused by the need to implement simple way Separation of oil or its products on fractions depending on their boiling temperatures. This method was called the name of rectification, and the device for carrying out this process is a distillation column.

But one distillation column cannot cope with the tasks for the separation of fractions. The column refineries are closely connected with a multitude of other equipment - pumping, heat exchange, furnace, separation.

The most convenient to illustrate the principle of the distillation apparatus on the example of the column with capackers.

Distified columns

Heat and mass exchange between counter-flow moving non-equilibrium steam and liquid phases in distillation is carried out on contact devices (KU), which are often called "plates".

In the distillation columns, the stream of steam irrigation is created by heating elements (oven, input of superheated water vapor), and liquid - condensing devices (, cold circulation irrigation).

As a result of the interaction between the steam and liquid phases by KU in accordance with the laws of thermodynamic pair-like equilibrium, the steam phase is enriched with low-boiling, and liquid - by the head-of-day components. Therefore, it is ku and determine largely the overall efficiency of the separation process.

For oil columns in general and for columns Avto, in particular, a number of characteristic features inherent in them are possible:

• very high productivity for raw materials (up to 1000 m 3 / h for the atmospheric column);
• heat supply to the dividing system is carried out by firing heating of raw materials in a tubular furnace (the main and vacuum column of auto), the input of superheated water vapor (almost all columns) and the circulation of a "hot jet" (renuncine column AT);
• the latter circumstance involves the use of special separation zones for separating steam and liquid phases;
• in the rectification scheme there are remote waste sections, as well as circulating irrigation, which assumes the possibility of organizing onto the side selections of the liquid phase and versions of both steam and liquid phases at several points in the height of the column.

By the way, read this article too: Vacuum column

These features should be taken into account when choosing the designs of contact devices in the tasks of designing oil separation blocks.

Principle of operation of the distillation column

The design of the distillation column is the vertical capacitance of the cylindrical shape of various or constant cross section, which is used for the physical separation of the hydrocarbon mixture and obtain the required petroleum products of the specified quality as a result of rectification.

In the column, the pairs move up from the plate to the plate due to the pressure difference in the evaporation space and at the top of the column. The liquid flows down the plates and drain devices under the action of gravity.

The distillation column can be divided into 3 functional parts:

1. The concentration section - located above the point of input of raw materials into the device
2. The power section - in the center of the column, feeds the raw power plate
3. The distillation section is below the dotting point of raw materials.

Power section of the column
Concentration section
Discompanying Section

For the ability to flow the process of rectification, the oil temperature must be lower than the temperature of the steam feed. This consequence comes from the properties of the equilibrium system. If the oil temperature would be equal to or below the temperature of the pair, the rectification process would be impossible.

The process of rectification can be carried out only for mixtures with different boiling temperatures to possibly the diffusion process of separation. For this, the fluid moves from top to bottom, and the pairs are from the bottom up to ensure the best contact and the interaction of the phases.

Classification of distillation columns

The column apparatuses can be divided depending on the process:

• Atmospheric and vacuum distillation (oil and fuel oil);
• Secondary distillation of gasoline;
• Stabilization of oil, gas condensates, unstable gasoline;
• Fractionation of oil and oil and natural gases;
• Distillation of solvents in oil purification processes;
• Separation of products of thermal destructive and catalytic processes of processing oil raw materials and gases, etc.;

By the way, read this article too: Cross-pull nozzles (PTN)

Types of contact devices of distillation columns

Contact devices are used to implement the rectification process in columns:

• Hands;
• Tarbed;
• Rotary.

Rotary columns did not get much distribution, by while the dish and nozzles are of great popularity.

Cap with cap contact devices

Video: Device and work of the distillation column

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